3d打印软件智能材料辅助建筑设计／有机建筑原型设计工具

智能材料辅助建筑设计／有机建筑原型设计工具
有机建筑的原型设计工具

3d打印软件智能材料辅助建筑设计／有机建筑原型设计工具

近年来，Frank Gehry、Norman Foster 以及许多建筑师们以有机表面来设计许多建筑物的造型。在他们设计发展的过程中，至关重要的是使用 3D CAD 系统来建构模型，以及用电脑影像技术去渲染最后的成果来控制最后的形体。然而，设计师习惯於透过真实模型的掌控来控制这些造型与空间；因此，将虚拟的部分具体呈现的需求就產生了，3D Printer 的使用正是為此。然而目前 3D Printing 的输出仍然需要非常长的一段时间等待。除此之外，以塑胶或是树酯输出的模型，是不利於快速修改与重新设计的。
Prototyping Tool for Organic Architecture
Recently Frank Gehry, Norman Foster and many other architects produce buildings with organic surface shapes. In their design process, it is essential to model and render the buildings using 3D CAD systems and CG in order to grasp the shapes.However, Architectural designers tend to like grasping shapes and spaces through physical models in real space. Due to this, an additional process is required to materialize the virtual models into tangible ones. 3D printers are used for the purpose. Although the current 3D printers requires a long hours to output models in many cases. Besides, 3D Printers use plaster or resin to output models, so that it is difficult to quickly modify and redesign them.

智慧材料辅助建筑设计
我们的目标是在电脑辅助建筑设计的框架下（CAAD／Computer Aided Architectural Design）使用智慧材料来辅助。SMAAD是 "智慧材料辅助设计（Smart Material Aided Architectural Design）" 或是 "形状记忆合金辅助建筑设计（Shape Memory Alloy Aided Architectural Design）" 的缩写。SMAAD Surface 是SMAAD的第一个实践出来的原型设计。
Smart Material Aided Architectural Design
Our approach is to use smart materials in the process of CAAD (Computer Aided Architecural Design). SMAAD is the abbreviated form of “Smart Material Aided Architectural Design” or “Shape Memory Alloy Aided Architectural Design”. SMAAD Surface is an instance of SMAAD which is implemented as a first prototype.

3d打印软件智能材料辅助建筑设计／有机建筑原型设计工具

另一个可程式设计的表面
SMAAD Surface 使用纤维形状记忆合金（SMA／Shape Memory Alloy）作為输入、输出的装置。透过引用 Surflex 的技术（第一个可程式设计的表面［Coelho et.al 08］），我们改善了形状维持、形状纪录、播放和反馈迴路之於任意曲面形状的能力。这种织物的功能作為一种智慧材料的使用，设计者可以直接手动修改它的造型并联动到虚拟。如我们所知的，flex sensor 侦测织物的形状，驱动器则是用来维持造型，这样设计师就可以用手动的方式来建立自由形体的表面。这一个表面的形状会透过一个微控制器将数位资料送到 3D CAD 程式，上传之后所有造型的修改也是以相同的方式同步更新。同样的方式，如果数位的资料在 3D CAD 程式中修改了，这些资料将会被送到实体的模型，模型会依照这些数位资料进行形变。
Yet Another Programmable Surface
SMAAD Surface is a fabric input/output device that uses fibrous shape memory alloy (SMA). By referencing Surflex (the first programmable surface [Coelho et.al 08]), we have improved the ability to maintain, record and play back arbitrary surface shapes through feed-back loop. This fabric functions as a smart material and designers can modify its shape through manual operations. As the flex sensor detects the fabric shape and the actuator works to maintain the shape, a designer can model the fabric shape as if he/she manually models a free-form surface.The surface shape is sent to a 3D CAD through a microcontroller and the digital data can be modified in the same manner as the shape of the fabric device. In the same way, if the digital data is modified in the 3D CAD, the command is sent to the fabric device so that the fabric shape can be modified to follow the digital data.




真实环境裡的取消与重做功能
改变表面造型的资料是不断的从 flex sensor 传来并且储存在纪录裡供系统回放。这样允许模型提供取消／重做（UNDO/REDO）的操作。使用这样的功能，回顾模型建构的过程将有机会被实践。
UNDO and REDO function in real-space
The surface shape data sent continuously from the flex sensor is saved as operation history and used for the operation replay.This allows the UNDO/REDO operations of the modeling. With this function, a new function to relive the modeling process may also be realized.

动态建筑
操作的纪录与回放功能，也可以做為动作设计的记录与再现，分成接下来的两个步骤来执行。第一阶段，从 flex sensor 记录一段时间的资讯。第二阶段是以 SMA 来重现同一区间内的操作。这样的功能将提供适合动态建筑的设计环境，例如 Hyposurface (Goulthorpe and dECOi, 2000) 或是 The Muscle Projects (Oosterhuis et al., 2008)，这些案子都是近年来引起广泛的注意。
Kinetic Architecture
The operation history saving and replay are also available as the function to record and reproduce motion design, executed in the two steps below. In the first step, the direct operations sent from the flex sensor are recorded in a certain period of time. In the next step, the recorded motion is applied to SMA in the same period of time to reproduce the motion. This function will be used for the design environment of kinetic architecture such as Hyposurface(Goulthorpe and dECOi, 2000) or The Muscle Projects(Oosterhuis et al., 2008), which are attracting attention in recent years.

3d打印软件智能材料辅助建筑设计／有机建筑原型设计工具

一个可程式设计的实体／立即成形的原型
日前，我们成功的连接四组织物装置。将来，如果可以连接数个到数十个设备，它将有机会发展成各式各样的形状。这意味着，SMAAD 有机会作為设计系统前期的快速成形系统。等待 3D Printer 的时间将不再必要，因為立即控制快速成形的技术将不再遥不可及。
A Programmable Matter for Immediate Prototyping
At present, we succeeded in connecting four fabric devices. In the future, if several dozens of the devices can be connected, it will be possible to actuate versatile shapes. This means that the SMAAD functions as a rapid prototyping system beyond design systems. Ling time to wait for the output from the 3D printer will not be necessary anymore and immediate prototyping will be possible to grasp shapes in a moment.
w文/朗朗设计